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Relative Pronouns and Adverbs
4th Grade
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Alabama Course of Study Standards:
39.a
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Use relative pronouns who, whose, which, and that, relative adverbs where,
when, and how, and irregular possessive nouns. |
Arizona Academic Standards:
4.L.1.a
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Use relative pronouns (who, whose, whom, which, that) and relative adverbs (where, when, why). |
California Common Core State Standards:
L.4.1.a
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Use interrogative, relative pronouns (who, whose, whom, which, that) and relative adverbs (where, when, why). |
Common Core State Standards:
Literacy.L.4.1a
Georgia Standards of Excellence (GSE):
ELAGSE4L1a
Kentucky Academic Standards (KAS):
L.4.1.a
Mississippi College- and Career-Readiness Standards:
L.4.1a
New York State Next Generation Learning Standards:
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Use relative pronouns (who, whose, whom, which, that) and relative adverbs (where, when, why). |
Massachusetts Curriculum Frameworks:
L.4.1.d
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Use relative pronouns and relative adverbs to add more information about a noun or verb used in a sentence. |
North Carolina - Standard Course of Study:
L.4.1.a
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Use relative pronouns |
Ohio's Learning Standards:
L.4.1.a
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Use relative pronouns (who, whose, whom,
which, that) and relative adverbs (where,
when, why). |
Tennessee Academic Standards:
4.FL.SC.6.a
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Use relative pronouns and relative adverbs. |
Wisconsin Academic Standards:
L.4.5.a
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relative pronouns and adverbs; |
Pennsylvania Core Standards:
CC.1.4.4.F
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Demonstrate a grade-appropriate command of the conventions of standard English grammar, usage, capitalization, punctuation,and spelling.
- E04.D.1.1.1 - Use relative pronouns (e.g., who, whose, whom, which, that) and relative adverbs (e.g., where, when, why).
- E04.D.1.1.2 - Form and use the progressive verb tenses (e.g., I was walking, I am walking, I will be walking).
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E04.D.1.1.3 - Use modal auxiliaries (e.g., can, may, must) to convey various conditions.
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E04.D.1.1.4 - Order adjectives within sentences according to conventional patterns (e.g., a small red bag rather than a red small bag).
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E04.D.1.1.5 - Form and use prepositional phrases.
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E04.D.1.1.6 - Produce complete sentences, recognizing and correcting inappropriate fragments and run-on sentences.*
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E04.D.1.1.7 - Correctly use frequently confused words (e.g., to, too, two; there, their, they’re).*
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E04.D.1.1.8 - Ensure subject-verb and pronoun-antecedent agreement.*
E04.D.1.2.1 - Use correct capitalization.
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E04.D.1.2.2 - Use commas and quotation marks to mark direct speech and quotations from a text.
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E04.D.1.2.3 - Use a comma before a coordinating conjunction in a compound sentence.
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E04.D.1.2.4 - Spell grade-appropriate words correctly
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Pennsylvania Core Standards:
CC.1.4.4.L
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Demonstrate a grade-appropriate command of the conventions of standard English grammar, usage, capitalization, punctuation,and spelling.
- E04.D.1.1.1 - Use relative pronouns (e.g., who, whose, whom, which, that) and relative adverbs (e.g., where, when, why).
- E04.D.1.1.2 - Form and use the progressive verb tenses (e.g., I was walking, I am walking, I will be walking).
-
E04.D.1.1.3 - Use modal auxiliaries (e.g., can, may, must) to convey various conditions.
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E04.D.1.1.4 - Order adjectives within sentences according to conventional patterns (e.g., a small red bag rather than a red small bag).
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E04.D.1.1.5 - Form and use prepositional phrases.
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E04.D.1.1.6 - Produce complete sentences, recognizing and correcting inappropriate fragments and run-on sentences.*
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E04.D.1.1.7 - Correctly use frequently confused words (e.g., to, too, two; there, their, they’re).*
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E04.D.1.1.8 - Ensure subject-verb and pronoun-antecedent agreement.*
E04.D.1.2.1 - Use correct capitalization.
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E04.D.1.2.2 - Use commas and quotation marks to mark direct speech and quotations from a text.
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E04.D.1.2.3 - Use a comma before a coordinating conjunction in a compound sentence.
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E04.D.1.2.4 - Spell grade-appropriate words correctly
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Pennsylvania Core Standards:
CC.1.4.4.R
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Demonstrate a grade-appropriate command of the conventions of standard English grammar, usage, capitalization, punctuation,and spelling.
- E04.D.1.1.1 - Use relative pronouns (e.g., who, whose, whom, which, that) and relative adverbs (e.g., where, when, why).
- E04.D.1.1.2 - Form and use the progressive verb tenses (e.g., I was walking, I am walking, I will be walking).
-
E04.D.1.1.3 - Use modal auxiliaries (e.g., can, may, must) to convey various conditions.
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E04.D.1.1.4 - Order adjectives within sentences according to conventional patterns (e.g., a small red bag rather than a red small bag).
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E04.D.1.1.5 - Form and use prepositional phrases.
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E04.D.1.1.6 - Produce complete sentences, recognizing and correcting inappropriate fragments and run-on sentences.*
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E04.D.1.1.7 - Correctly use frequently confused words (e.g., to, too, two; there, their, they’re).*
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E04.D.1.1.8 - Ensure subject-verb and pronoun-antecedent agreement.*
E04.D.1.2.1 - Use correct capitalization.
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E04.D.1.2.2 - Use commas and quotation marks to mark direct speech and quotations from a text.
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E04.D.1.2.3 - Use a comma before a coordinating conjunction in a compound sentence.
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E04.D.1.2.4 - Spell grade-appropriate words correctly
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 4th Grade Writing - Relative Pronouns and Adverbs Lesson
- Relative Pronoun
- A relative pronoun is used to introduce a dependent, or a relative, clause. The dependent or the relative clause describes a noun or pronoun.
Following are the main relative pronouns:
- Who
- Who is used to give information about people. In the dependent clause, who can be replaced by a subject pronoun (he, she, or they).
Example: This is the lady who saved our little brother.
- Whom
- Whom is used to give information about people. In the dependent clause, whom can be replaced by an object pronoun (him, her, or them).
Example: This is the lady whom we need to thank.
- Whose
- Whose is used to show possession. Whose is used to show possession.
Example: This is the lady whose arms were scratched when she climbed up the tree.
- Which
- Which adds extra information about an object. It is always set off by commas.
Example: The tree, which has no leaves, is hard to climb.
- That
- That gives necessary information about an object. It is not set off by commas.
Example: The lady carried a stick that was long and pointy.
- Relative Adverb
- A relative adverb comes before a dependent or a relative clause that describes a noun.
- Where
- The relative adverb where describes a place.
Example: Dominique goes to the store where they sell ice cream cupcakes.
- When
- The relative adverb when describes a time.
Example: It was cold when I left the house.
- Why
- The relative adverb why gives a reason.
Example: Sheela does not know why Meera left town.
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